21st Sandia Snowshoe Classic a Huge Success!
More details available here.
Dear FOSM members,
I was recently notified that a FOSM LIFE member passed away on Thursday, 1/9/2025. Fran Lusso notified Bob and I that her dear husband Dave Weaver passed away quite suddenly. They had recently moved (August, 2024) to North Carolina to be closer to their family. Those long time FOSM members will remember Dave and the support he gave to FOSM, the Forest Service and the Natural History Center in the Cedar Crest area. He also fed the birds at the Crest House every winter for many years.
Fran will stay in touch with any news of memorial services that maybe planned for later. Our thoughts and prayers go out to Fran and her family during this difficult time.
Sally Lowder
Click here to access obituary which states: “In lieu of flowers, donations may be sent ‘In memory of David Weaver’ to: New Mexico Museum of Natural History Foundation, (for the Sandia Mountain Natural History Center) PO Box 25446, Albuquerque, NM 87125 www.naturalhistoryfoundation.org or Animal Humane New Mexico, 615 Virginia St. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108 www.animalhumanenm.org. Condolences may be shared online through www.salemfh.com.”
Niña Adversely Affecting Snowpack
December 31, 2024 – Our favorite weatherman Kerry Jones reports: An incredibly dry December as everyone has experienced/seen. Growing signals in the long range models that our beloved Sandias may get some light snow during a couple different windows early next week but, unfortunately, nothing that looks significant. The emerging La Niña pattern has taken hold. Wanted to share some comparison photos taken one year apart.
Click to enlarge any image.
More Snow on the Way (perhaps a lot!)
January 11, 2025 – Thanks to Kerry Jones for keeping us so well informed about upcoming weather patterns:
(1) Weather Stations – Two fully automated weather stations were put in place just above the 10K trailhead (small meadow near the nordic ski loop) back in October. The newest station is owned/maintained by USFS Sandia RD and the other station, previously owned/maintained by UNM, is less than 100 yards away and was recently transferred into New Mexico’s ZiaMet (state funded) network of weather stations across the state. Both stations are fully operational and real-time, but neither have heated tipping-bucket rain gauges nor report snowfall real-time. The former UNM station is the one located within the chainlink fence and several years ago was part of a USGS research project. The Sandia RD has/had an MOU with UNM on this station.
The USFS station is available at 10K. The ZiaMet station is available at ZiaMet Weather Station Network. Soon, both stations will show up at this link MesoWest Surface Weather Maps along with all available wx stations but for now only the USFS station at 10K appears.
(2) Snow Outlook – We have another shot of colder air and some light snow arriving later tonight into tomorrow (Sunday). Maybe a fresh dusting up to 2″ at the Crest by Sunday evening/night. Good news is that colder-than-average temperatures of the past week will get a nice reinforcement for Sunday into Monday. The pattern looks quiet with a day-to-day warming trend for Tuesday-Thursday. However, models are showing a colder and increasingly unsettled pattern next weekend through MLK Jr. Day. Right now, the window for any snow looks to be Saturday night into Sunday/Sunday night or just after the Race. If the European model verifies, snowfall would be significant and we’ll be enjoying potentially a foot of snow at the Crest on the 19th and 20th. The American model is far less bullish at this point. So we’ll see in the coming days as the models come into better agreement.
At a minimum, I would expect and plan for some gusty westerly winds for the Race next Saturday. It might also be prudent to anticipate snow-on-road impacts the day after the race even though it’s not for certain this far out. The chart is a “Blend” of about a dozen different models. More models than not do show at least several inches of snowfall next Saturday night through Sunday night with definitely some upside, but light snow doesn’t really expand until Tuesday late afternoon/evening through early Wednesday morning, and then again Wednesday night or Thursday morning. These appear to be the “key” periods for any impacts. Substantially colder tomorrow, a little colder still on Wednesday (daytime highs below freezing) and remaining 10-20 degrees below normal for Thursday and Friday.
Fire Crews Complete Pile Burning in Sulphur Canyon Area
From New Mexico Fire Information (emphasis added):
ALBUQUERQUE, NM – November 16, 2024 – Fire crews for the Cibola National Forest & National Grasslands (NF & NG) have successfully completed a total of 12 acres of pile burning with yesterday and today’s prescribe fire (Rx) ignitions within the 34 acres of the previously announced Sulphur Rx Fire Piles on the Sandia Ranger District. Fire personnel will continue to monitor the Sulphur Rx Fire Piles as a winter weather system is expected to come into the area tomorrow afternoon.
If in the coming weeks the Sulphur area receives more precipitation for additional snow cover creating optimal conditions for burning piled slash and woody debris from previous restoration work, fire managers may announce the possible continuation of ignitions on the remaining acres of the Sulphur Rx Fire Pile area.
The Sulphur Rx fire pile burn area is in the Sandia east mountains, north of I-40, west of NM-14 and south of NM-536. See map attached. Residual smoke may be visible in the surrounding areas of Albuquerque, Tijeras, Edgewood and Moriarty, NM.
The Cibola NF & NGs manages all prescribed fires in compliance with New Mexico state air quality and smoke management regulations. Information on air quality and protecting your health can be found online at the New Mexico Department of Health (NMDOH) Environmental Public Health Tracking (EPHT) website.
Implementation announcements and updates on prescribed fire projects will be posted on New Mexico Fire Information and on the Cibola NF & NGs website, Cibola Facebook and Cibola Twitter sites.
For more information on the Sulphur Canyon prescribed fire piles plan, contact the Sandia Ranger District Office: 505-281-3304 or Cibola National Forest and National Grasslands Supervisor’s Office: 505-346-3900.
ALBUQUERQUE, NM — November 8, 2024 — Cibola National Forest and National Grasslands fire crews are preparing to implement prescribed fire as early as November 13th on 34 acres of piles within the previously announced Sulphur unit of the Sandia Rx Fire Plan.
Fire managers are taking advantage of recent precipitation, snow covered ground, cooler temperatures, and relative humidity recoveries that creates suitable conditions for burning piled slash and woody debris from earlier forest restoration work.
The Sulphur pile burn area is in the Sandia east mountains, north of 1-40, west of NM-14 and south of NM-536. See map aftached. Smoke may be visible in the surrounding areas of Albuquerque, Tijeras, Edgewood and Moriarty, NM.
Sandia Ranger District Completes Tablazon Prescribed Fire
ALBUQUERQUE, NM – November 1, 2024—Today, weather conditions remained favorable to successfully complete ignitions on the Cibola National Forest & National Grasslands (NF & NG) Tablazon prescribed fire (Rx) on the Sandia Ranger District. Crews continued with ground ignitions to blackline fuels along control lines and burning of interior pockets of 107 acres on units 4 & 5. With yesterday and today’s operations, fire managers completed the 189 acres of prescribed fire operations on the Tablazon Project area.
With ignitions complete on the Tablazon prescribed fire project, fire crews will transition to a patrol and monitor plan until the fire is called out.
ALBUQUERQUE, NM —October 22, 2024—Pending favorable conditions, fire managers on the Cibola National Forest & National Grasslands (NF & NGs) may implement the previously announced Tablazon prescribed fire (RX) on the Sandia Ranger District as early as Tuesday, October 29, 2024.
Fire crews plan to burn approximately 207 acres, split into several different units in the Tablazon Canyon area, in the Manzanita Mountains. Tablazon is located south of HWY 333, south of Lower Pine trailhead and east of FSRD 462. Map attached. Visitors may be impacted by the Cedro, Bear Scat, Lower Pine, Tablazon and Coyote trails system. Smoke may be visible in the surrounding areas of Tijeras, Edgewood, Moriarty and Albuquerque.
Ken Born Named Acting District Ranger
October 10, 2024 – Ken Born, Acting Sandia District Ranger, sent the following message to Julie Padilla and FOSM members: Thanks so much for the “virtual” introduction, Julie.
I’ve heard so many great things about the Friends of the Sandia Mountains and look forward to working with you all. We are extremely grateful for your support of the Sandia Ranger District and this mountain range, which is a treasure to so many in our community and beyond.
October 9, 2024 – Julie Padilla, Sandia Ranger District Recreation Staff Officer, sent the following message to FOSM members: Hello Friends of Sandia, please see below and join us in welcoming new Acting District Ranger Ken Born!
October 4, 2024 – Heidi McRoberts, Cibola National Forest Supervisor, issued the following statement:
Please join me in welcoming Ken Born as our new acting Sandia District Ranger. Ken will begin his detail on Monday, October 6.
The following is a bit of background on Ken.
Ken kicked off his federal career in 1996 as GS-1 STEP student, serving as a fisheries biologist aide with the US Army of Corps of Engineers. After spending a decade working as a land use planner in various capacities with Monterey County, CA; the Central Pine Barrens Joint Planning and Policy Commission on Long Island, NY; and Multnomah County, OR – he made the jump to federal service permanently in 2010. Ken went to the Regional Office in 2018 from the Coronado National Forest, where he served as a District Ranger. Prior to that, he was on the Tonto National Forest, where he was the Forest Planner. He received his Bachelor of Science degree in environmental planning from Northern Arizona University, and a Master of Arts degree in public policy from Stony Brook University. Born and raised in Tucson, AZ, Ken lives in Albuquerque with his wife, two daughters, dog, and cat – and feels extremely lucky for the opportunity to continue to live and work in the Southwest.
We are very excited to have Ken join our team and look forward to working with him.
Three Significant Winter-Like Storms in 10 Days!
From our favorite weatherman, FOSM member Kerry Jones:
November 6, 2024
We are now in the early stages of what will be an epic, early season snow storm for the East Mountains. Major impacts will be widespread with extended periods of difficult if not impossible travel likely from our area to the north and northeast on Thursday and Friday. Widespread snowfall totals between 20-30″ are now probable in the East Mountains with locally 3+ feet where the heaviest snow bands set up and generally at elevations above 9,000 feet. A few reputable models are showing 40″+ across higher terrain areas south of I-40 and near Sedillo. Again, the effects of settling, compaction, melting, etc. are not accounted for but regardless we’ll be measuring snow in feet. Much less snow for the Estancia Basin, but amounts are still significant and impactful.
This incoming low pressure system is cold for early November. It’s currently in the process of “closing off” or developing a closed, counterclockwise circulation just southwest of Farmington. The center of the low will slowly drop nearly due south toward Silver City during the next 24 hours before slowly lifting out to the northeast Thursday night and passing near Clayton by sundown Friday. That is a very long residence time over NM and we always want to be just north of the low track, which the EM region will be especially Thursday afternoon through midday Friday. Add in cold, easterly upslope winds at the surface, which will arrive on Thursday, and you get an epic winter storm set up! Periods of snow, heavy at times, are in our future for the next 48-60 hours and the reason why snowfall totals have trended higher.
Liquid equivalent totals are now projected to be in the 2″ to 2.5″ range for most of the East Mountains. The snow-to-liquid ratios will probably average 11:1 or 12:1… meaning 2″ liquid will equate to 22-24″ of snowfall.
Please stay safe and check on your neighbors!
November 5, 2024
Storm #2 is shaping up to bring around a FOOT plus of “snowfall” to many areas of the East Mountains beginning early Wednesday and lasting through Friday PM.
How much of the forecast snowfall will melt tomorrow? What will be the greatest “snow depth” during the nearly 3-day event? Those are hard questions to answer, but regardless there is high confidence in a major snow event, and travel will become difficult (if not impossible) at times.
History is a good place to start. I’ve only been keeping track of weather at our current location since 2012. The last time we had around a foot of snowfall from a single storm event this early in the season was October 26-28, 2020. During that event, our total liquid was 1.22″ and snowfall was 11.5 inches. That is very close to a 10:1 snow-to-liquid ratio, which is just shy of the average at 11:1.
A couple of differences from yesterday’s event…. (1) cold, low-level east to west or upslope wind developing will essentially feed periods of moderate to heavy snow for 36-48 hours. Upslope winds boost overall lift that is critical for heavy snow on the east side of the Sandias. (2) Snow-to-liquid ratios (SLR) will be more than 2X higher than they were yesterday and probably close to the 11:1 average.
As of this writing, models are generally showing widespread liquid equivalent totals between 1″ and 1.50″ with locally higher amounts. That would translate to 9-10 inches of snowfall on the low end and 16-18 inches on the high end. Again, history tells us that some of this snowfall will melt, settle, and compact. Let’s say a reasonable max snowfall depth range between 9″ and 15″ with local amounts up to 18″ and closer to 24″ near the Crest!
Previously, I mentioned 4-8″ as an early guess but we’ll see that amount before sundown Thursday. We are now likely going to double that total during this event and might be our biggest early season event since at least 2012. We’ll see.
November 3, 2024
Spied our first snowflakes of the season in our neighborhood this morning with reports of an inch or two of fresh snow near the Crest. A lot more wet, cold and snowy weather to come. The East Mountains below 7,500 feet will be impacted by accumulating snow for the first time this season later tonight into Monday morning; however, two additional storm systems that are modeled to follow later this week and early next week are the ones that really have my attention. Thursday-Friday (Thursday night, especially), and early next week could really deliver for us.
Much uncertainty is a given in the world of weather models beyond 4-5 days, but the pattern is going to be dynamic and very changeable as it undergoes a large-scale correction following the unusually warm/dry start to fall several weeks ago. During the next 7-10 days several key models are advertising widespread 2-3 inches of precipitation (rain and melted snow) in the East Mountains. That would be over 2X what is considered normal for the month of November.
Storm #1: Tonight-Monday (4th). The center of the upper level low was gathering strength over northern AZ this afternoon. It’s a cold one, but not extreme. This storm will track across south-central NM on Monday, which is a little farther south than personally desired and we’ll be lacking east to west winds at the surface for heavy snow. But plenty cold enough for slushy snow accumulation in the EM– dusting up to 3 or 4″ mainly on vegetation below 7,000 feet with higher amounts above. The Crest should do quite well and roads could be tricky in some areas for the Monday morning commute!
Storm #2: Thursday (7th)-Friday (8th). Latest models show this system dropping into eastern AZ during the day Thursday before lifting east-northeast across central NM Thursday night-Friday morning. This will be a colder storm system and the potential for 6″+ snowfalls is greater at lower elevations. Of course, the track and timing of the upper level low will make or break the snow forecast. But, anyone with travel plans Thursday afternoon/night into early Friday should keep a close watch on the forecasts next few days. Right now, the trend is 4-8″ for much of the EM with some upside.
Storm #3: Monday night (11th)-Wednesday (13th). This one could be a real doozy but there is a lot of model uncertainty! I always consider this type of storm in a series as the Caboose. Too early to speculate but if a couple of key models verify, it’ll be a winter wonderland.
Charts below are the NWS Blend of Models and they do not account for melting/settling/compaction of snow!
2024 Snowshoe Classic a Huge Success!
The weather was perfect, the snow was great, and 153 racers had a great time! We’ve got hundreds of photos and lots of video here. You can read Race Director Mike Madden’s final report here.
Forest Service Adds New Trails Personnel
January 20, 2023 – From Julie Padilla, Recreation Staff Officer, Sandia Ranger District: Our trails program is growing again! I do ask for your continued patience as we take some time to get our feet under us and begin to develop the program. Please help me welcome our new District Trails and Wilderness Assistant Program Manager Canyon Young and new seasonal Trails Crew Lead Dorothy Hendrix.
Canyon Young started his federal career at the Sandia Ranger District as a seasonal, where he did a season of fire and a few seasons of trails. Leaving for a permanent position in 2020, he did a few years with the NRCS in Santa Fe, followed by a year with the BLM in Albuquerque, both as a Rangeland Management Specialist. Since 2018, Canyon has also owned and operated a small forestry contracting business in the East Mountains, implementing thinning for wildfire risk mitigation, as well as hazardous tree removals. As a lifelong Sandia Park resident, he is very excited to be working on his home USFS district again, and hopes to put his extensive local knowledge of the Sandias and Manzanitas to good use for SRD. Outside of work, Canyon is an avid trail runner, skier, hunter, and mountain biker.
Hi, I’m Dorothy Hendrix and I’ll be the Trail Crew Lead for the upcoming 2024 season. This will be my fourth season working on trails and my first official season as a lead! I completed my degree in Parks and Recreation Management from Northern Arizona University and have spent the past few years working a variety of seasonal jobs in the southwest. In my free time I enjoy spending time outdoors, bowling, drumming, and a variety of hobbies. I’m very excited to be with the Sandia Ranger District for my first season with the Forest Service!
Click here for current Sandia Ranger District organization chart.
Sandia Peak Aerial Tramway Reopens
FOSM members Jamey Browning and Steve Roholt were on the first flight up the mountain on the updated Tram. Jamey reported: “The ride is noticeably smoother with gentle accelerations automatically controlled by the computer.”
of NM14/NM536/Frost Road Roundabout
April 15, 2024 – The New Mexico Department of Transportation began the construction phase of the NM14/NM536/Frost Road Roundabout Project. A detailed description of the project can be found here. This project will impact access to Sandia Crest, picnic areas, and trailheads on the east side of the mountain for the next year or so.
FOSM has partnered with NMDOT to preserve the iconic Sandia Crest sign currently located at the intersection by agreeing to maintain the sign after project completion. The first step in this process was completed on April 17 when Star Paving, the project contractor, removed the sign and placed it in temporary storage pending reinstallation.
Click to enlarge a photo. Photo credit: Carla Ward, Don Carnicom, Sam Beard, and Cliff Giles
Cibola National Forest Adjusts Recreational Fees at Select Facilities
Albuquerque, NM – April 29, 2024. Starting in May of 2024, the Cibola National Forest and Kiowa and Rita Blanca National Grasslands will begin implementing a new fee structure at several developed sites on the Forest. Increasing costs of maintenance and operations are driving the need for the USDA Forest Service to increase fees for use at some developed recreation sites. The new fee structure will be phased in from May 13, through September 8, 2024.
In 2004, Congress passed the Federal Lands Recreation Enhancement Act, which allows the Forest Service to retain 95% of revenue collected at recreation sites and use those funds locally to operate, maintain, and improve these sites. Revenue is reinvested into forest recreation sites in the form of trash collection, septic and vault toilet pumping, painting, cleaning, addressing the backlog of deferred maintenance, conducting patrols, maintaining high-use trails, campsites, and more.
The Cibola National Forest and National Grasslands (NF & NGs) conducted public outreach from 2019 through 2022 seeking comments on the fee proposal. The comments received were taken into consideration when preparing the final fee change proposal. The proposed changes were based on the level of amenities and services provided, cost of operations and maintenance, and market assessments.
Area Closure for Thinning Work at the Cedro 4 Project Area Extended to May 31
Sandia Ranger District
Order Number 03-03-05-24-05
Albuquerque, NM, April 30, 2024 – The Cibola National Forest and National Grasslands (NF&NGs) has issued an area closure order (Order 03-03-05-24-05) for the Cedro 4 Project Area on the Sandia Ranger District of the Cibola NF&NGs, described below and shown on the attached map.
This order shall be in effect from May 1, 2024, at 0600 through May 31, 2024 at 0600, unless rescinded.
This order supersedes the area closure that was previously issued under Order No. 03-03-05-24-02.
The purpose of this order is for the protection of public health and safety during mechanized thinning work in the Cedro 4 project area south of Forest Road 462.
This Closure Order includes the area shown in attached map south of Forest Road 462. Roads included within this closure order are as follows:
- Forest Road 12 from its intersection with Forest Road 462 (northern end of the closure) to its intersection with Lone Pine Trail (southern end of the closure);
- Forest Road 13 from its intersection with Forest Road 462 (northern end of the closure) to just east of the intersection of Forest Road 13 and Cedro Peak Trail near Forest Road 252 (southern end of the closure).
Trails included within this Closure Order are as follows:
- Delbert’s Trail from its intersection with Chamisoso Trail (southern end of the closure) to its intersection with Forest Road 13 (northern end of the closure).
- Mighty Mule Trail from its intersection with Forest Road 13 (northern end of the closure) to its intersection with Rattlesnake Trail (southern end of the closure).
- Rattlesnake Trail from its intersection with Forest Road 12 (southern end of the closure) to its intersection with the Meadow Ridge Trail (northern end of the closure).
- Meadow Ridge Trail from its intersection with Forest Road 13 (northern end of the closure) to its intersection with the Cedro Single Track Trail (southern end of the closure).
Click on the images above to read the full announcement and see an enlarged map illustrating the affected area and trails.
Forest Service Extends Scoping Period for North Sandia Fuels Reduction Project until June 21, 2024
Tussock Moth Outbreak Resulting in Tree Defoliation
Albuquerque, NM, July 15, 2024 – If you are viewing brownish-red discoloration of trees on the eastern slopes of the Sandia Mountains primarily south of the Crest Hwy. (NM-536), it may be the result of defoliation from the Douglas-fir tussock moth. The defoliation occurs within mixed conifer stands affecting Douglas-fir and white fir trees.
To the casual observer, the affected trees may appear to be dying, but those brown branches signal the outbreak of the Douglas-fir tussock moth, a native defoliator whose larvae (i.e., caterpillars) feed on the foliage of a variety of trees species. The caterpillar feeds on the previous year’s needles often resulting in defoliation, which weakens affected trees and may be followed by subsequent attacks by bark beetles that may kill the tops or entire trees.
Douglas-Fir tussock moth is experiencing a rise in population on the Sandia Ranger District. The caterpillars have thousands of tiny hairs covering their bodies. The female moths, egg masses, and cocoons also have hairs, which can cause tussockosis, an allergic reaction from direct skin contact with the insects themselves or their airborne hairs. Symptoms may include itchiness, skin rashes, skin irritation, watery eyes, runny nose, and sneezing. More severe reactions, though less common, include blisters, coughing, shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest tightness. Tussockosis severity may vary between individuals, by the amount of exposure, and the level of the outbreak. Everyone should avoid touching or handling this insect, in any of its forms! If contact does occur, immediately wash the area of exposure. If symptoms become severe or problematic, immediately seek medical care.
Heidi McRoberts Named Cibola National Forest & National Grasslands Forest Supervisor
Albuquerque, NM – July 9, 2024 – The Cibola National Forest and National Grasslands (NF & NGs) is excited to welcome Heidi McRoberts as Forest Supervisor. McRoberts replaces Steven Hattenbach who serves as Deputy Regional Forester for the Southwestern Region.
Official headshot of Heidi McRobertsMcRoberts comes to the Cibola from the position of Deputy Forest Supervisor on the Kootenai National Forest in northwest Montana and northeast Idaho. She provided leadership and was responsible for all aspects of managing the forest’s vast resources of 2.2 million acres of National Forest System Lands. Her prior land management experiences were on the Umatilla National Forest in Pendleton, Oregon and the Nez-Perce Clearwater National Forests in Idaho. McRoberts spent 22 years working for the Nez Perce Tribe, including 10 years as the Deputy Director for the Department of Fisheries Resource Management/Watershed Division. McRoberts holds a bachelor’s degree in environmental science from the University of Dubuque in Iowa, a master’s degree in Fisheries Resources and PhD in Natural Resources, both from the University of Idaho.
Congratulations to Four Newly Certified Chainsaw Sawyers
July 3, 2024 – FOSM President Mike Madden said in an email to all FOSM members: “Congratulations to the following 4 newly certified chainsaw folk: Sim Cook, Jamey Browning, Ken Wilson, Tim Kirkpatrick.”
You can read about the rigorous Forest Service certification process and see a full list of FOSM certified chainsaw and crosscut-saw sawyers here.
Forest Service Thanks FOSM for Helping Get Nine-Mile Picnic Area Reopened
The beautiful Nine Mile Picnic Area reopened on September 6 after being closed for 7 years. Julie Padilla, Recreation Staff Officer at the Sandia Ranger District, thanked FOSM for our part in making it happen.
Sad News
Carl’s Celebration of Life will be 2pm, Saturday, October 19, 2024, at 10500 Lomas NE (just east of Eubank). See the French obituary – frenchfunerals.com/obituaries/carl-smith.
From Bet Gendron: We are sorry to announce the passing on Sept 7 of Carl Smith, 86, a long-time friend and sawyer in the Friends of the Sandia Mtns for decades. In the words of Sam Beard, ” Carl and I were friends and colleagues for more than 45 years. We shared our love of the outdoors in the Friends of the Sandia Mountains and the New Mexico Cross Country Ski Club. A skilled photographer, Carl contributed many pictures to my Ski Touring in Northern New Mexico, and he used his chain saw to remove trees from ski trails in the Sandia and Jemez Ranger Districts. We also enjoyed working together using chainsaws to fell hazard trees, cut logs, and clear meadows in projects organized by the Friends.” A former physicist with Sandia Labs, Carl was also a climber and an avid mountain biker as well as a road biker with NM Touring Society. We all knew his sometimes exacting standards and we enjoyed hearing of his many world-wide climbing adventures, which he regaled with old-school amusement, no matter how harrowing it actually was. In addition to photographing for Sam’s book, he contributed to Robert Julyan’s The Mountains of New Mexico and others. Carl was laid up for a few years in the companionship of his wife, Marilyn.
